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OSI Model

Posted by Admin  

What is an OSI Model? Describe the functions of different layers of OSI Model.

THE OSI MODEL

International Standards Organization (ISO) specifications for network architecture, called the Open Systems Interconnect or OSI model. Seven-layered model, higher layers have more complex tasks. Each layer provides services for the next higher layer. Each layer communicates logically with its associated layer on the other computer. Packets are sent from one layer to another in the order of the layers, from top to bottom on the sending computer and then in reverse order on the receiving computer. …..Click here to read more

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under: DCN

PROTOCOLS

Posted by Admin  

What are the protocols? Describe different types of standards and standards organization with examples and internet standards.

PROTOCOLS

Set of rules that govern data communication or the way of communication. Protocols are the worker that performs the tasks.

A protocol defines what is communicated, how it is communicated and when it is communicated.

 

STANDARDS

Standards are essential in creating and maintaining an open and competitive market for equipment manufacturers and in guaranteeing national and international interoperability of data and telecommunication technology and processes. Standards provide guidelines to manufacturers, vendors, government agencies, and other service providers to ensure the kind of inter-connectivity necessary in today’s marketplace and in international communications.

Data communication standards fall into two categories.

De facto: meaning “by fact” or “by convention”

De jure: meaning “by law” or “by regulation” …..Click here to read more

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NETWORK TOPOLOGY

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What is the network topology? Describe different types of topologies & advantages and disadvantages with diagram.

 

NETWORK TOPOLOGY

The physical layout of devices on a network.

There are four basic topologies.

1. Mesh           2. Star              3. Bus              4. Ring

 

1. MESH TOPOLOGY:

In Mesh topology every device has a dedicated point to point link to every other device.

As this topology contains multiple physical link, to find the number of physical links on a mesh topology network.

If we have n number of nodes then the links will be n-1

So if there are 5 nodes (5-1) 4 links will be required for each nodes. …..Click here to read more

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under: DCN

Data Communication and Tele Communication

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DATA COMMUNICATION

The exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as wire cable etc.

 

TELE COMMUNICATION

Tele is a Greek word for “Far”, so the Communication at a distance is known as Tele communication.

It includes telephony, telegraphy and television.

 

Types of communication:

Communication between two devices can be simplex, half duplex and full duplex.

…..Click here to read more

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under: DCN
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